Liberation Theology Essay - 646 Words

Liberation Theology Liberation theology is situational. The emergence of liberation theology and the interpretation of the Bible under liberation theology stems directly to the participants place in society. As the title suggests, liberation theology interprets the Bible as a document of hope that will give strength and validity to a struggle against an oppressor. Liberation theology rises out of a new political consciousness. The oppressed people have to realize they are oppressed and that the Bible text can be used as a tool to overcome their oppressors. In regards to South Africa, there was an awakening when the black people realized their lack of influence in politics, the huge economic disparity between rich and poor, and their low†¦show more content†¦State theology is controlled by the same people who control the political parities, the economic situation, and the agents of oppression. In this theology, money talks, and the people without money have no voice. Apartheid was like a religio n in that it was something people strongly believed in, it used the Bible as justification, and it was practiced every day. The important item to remember is that apartheid was created by humans. It was flawed (obviously) and actually worked in direct opposition to the Church’s teachings. As Boesak points out, â€Å"Can a Christian in a Christian country with a host of Christian churches speak and preach about the sanctity of family life and about the responsibility of parents and children and at the same time vote for a government and sustain and aid a system that gives theological justification to laws that maintain that black people cannot live together as husband and wife.† (120) the hypocrisy here seems so blatant. As liberation theology has moved on in the post Apartheid era, there has been several problems in its adaptation. The South African liberation theology movement was based almost solely on racial equality and the end to apartheid. When apartheid was dismantled, the movement had no direction, even though several social issues still remained. The focus of the movement was so specific that it made it difficult to transition to anything more inclusive. Another problem with liberation theology is that the text it usesShow MoreRelatedLiberation Theology Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction According to Enns (2008), liberation theology attempts to infer the holy writ through the plight of the poor. This movement originated from South America in the early 1950s when Marxism was the most popular theory among the poor. It was a response to the ill-treatment and poverty facing the ordinary people. It dealt with the issue of distribution of wealth among people in order to upgrade the economic status in life. This movement had strong Romanian Catholic roots bolstered in ColombiaRead MoreBlack Liberation Theology Essay1864 Words   |  8 PagesBlack Liberation Theology can be defined as the relationship that blacks have with god in their struggle to end oppression. It sees god as a god of history and the liberator of the oppressed from bondage. Black Liberation theology views God and Christianity as a gospel relevant to blacks who struggle daily under the oppression of whites. Because of slavery, blacks concept of God was totally different from the masters who enslaved the m. White Christians saw god as more of a spiritual savior, theRead MoreBlack Liberation Theology Essay1819 Words   |  8 PagesBlack Liberation Theology can be defined as the relationship that blacks have with god in their struggle to end oppression. It sees god as a god of history and the liberator of the oppressed from bondage. Black Liberation theology views God and Christianity as a gospel relevant to blacks who struggle daily under the oppression of whites. Because of slavery, blacks concept of God was totally different from the masters who enslaved them. White Christians saw god as more of a spiritual savior, theRead MoreAfrican Women s Liberation Theology Essay2365 Words   |  10 PagesDISSERTATION AFRICAN WOMEN IN LIBERATION THEOLOGY Literature Review Liberation theology is the fulfilment and deliverance of theology from the instance of positioning it in real situations in life into the centre of the battle. Liberation theology desires to bring excessive religious zeal which fails to identify the quality of declaring God who created all man equal but is disinterested about their existence. McCall says â€Å"Liberation theology represents attempts to move theology from the abstract to practicalRead MoreLiberation Theology Essay1076 Words   |  5 Pagestouching on the ideas of James Cone’s ideas on Liberation Theology and the relationship between the Cross and the Lynching Tree, our group decided to focus the topic of our presentation around Liberation Theology. However, in order to create a counter argument to stimulate further discourse, we introduced the Theology of Prosperity, as an opposing theological concept, to our presentation. Hence, we came up with the topic of Liberation Theology vs. Theology of Prosperity. Firstly, it was necessaryRead MoreEssay about Liberation Theology796 Words   |  4 PagesLiberation Theology I see [liberation theology] as a theology of the people, rather than of professional theologians; rising out of the cries of the oppressed; refined in the experience of those who may not even be able to read and write; clarified in thousands of base communities; embodied in lives that risk everything to be faithful to the good news that God hears their cry, sides with them in their distress, and works with them for liberation- a liberation in which they play a central roleRead MoreEssay on Oscar Romero, Liberation Theology and the Catholic Church3831 Words   |  16 PagesOscar Romero, Liberation Theology and the Catholic Church In the post-World War II era, the globe was polarized by two idealistically divergent superpowers; the United States and the Soviet Union, two nations that strived to promote capitalism and communism, respectively, throughout the globe. Nowhere was this struggle more apparent than in developing countries with shaky political and economic backbones. Specifically, in Latin America the old, corrupt and often totalitarian regimes were threatenedRead MoreAnalysis Of Gustavo Gutierrezs Theology Of Liberation1850 Words   |  8 PagesLiberation theology calls followers of Jesus to work together to create a just society that brings change and align themselves with the oppressed. All of my sources Gustavo Gutierrez, Paul Farmer, and Sohail Hasmi place defending the rights of the poor as a central aspects of their arguments. Which is why I am led to believe that my sources could come together, even if they have different point of views. In Gustavo Gutierrez’s Theology of Liberation, he argues this theology is about committing toRead MoreEssay on Liberation Theology in Latin America1734 Words   |  7 Pagesgroups of individuals in an attempt to change the social structure of their respective countries. In turn, these popular movements led to the rise of dictatorships aimed to control the people and protect the desires of the country (Introducing Liberation Theology). The social, political, and economical atmosphere of this time proved prime for religious change and new ideals. In the early 1960’s, the churches in Latin America experienced a much-needed sense of revitalization. The church eagerly soughtRead MoreHistory Of South American Poverty And The Development Of Liberation Theology1451 Words   |  6 PagesLiberation Theology â€Å"But the poor person does not exist as an inescapable fact of destiny. His or her existence is not politically neutral, and it is not ethically innocent. The poor are a by-product of the system in which we live and for which we are responsible. They are marginalized by our social and cultural world. They are the oppressed, exploited proletariat, robbed of the fruit of their labor and despoiled of their humanity. Hence the poverty of the poor is not a call to generous relief action

The Juvenile Justice System And Juveniles - 1663 Words

When it comes to discussing the criminal justice system and juveniles, there have been many landmark cases that have made a significant impact on the juvenile justice system. The cases arise from dealing with certain aspects that comes from handling juveniles entering the system. Since juveniles are very different from adults they have to deal with them a certain way and a case by case basis. The court cases concerning juveniles and the decisions that have come from them is what has made what the juvenile justice system is today. Juveniles are not treated the same as adults since juveniles are not ad developed as adults common sense wise. They don’t always know what is right from wrong and sometimes they do not have guidance or good influences around them helping them in the right direction. In class we have learned that instead of punishing them, the goal of the juvenile justice system is based on rehabilitation. For instance, juveniles cannot be sentenced to death if under t he age of 18 and also can not be given the sentences of life without parole because they consider these punishments cruel and unusual for juveniles. If the system is able to rehabilitate them and give them the tools they need, they have a second chance at changing their lives for the better and getting away from all of the crimes. They rather try to send them to programs or to complete community service to better themselves instead of giving them hard time. The court cases that I will discuss is whatShow MoreRelatedJuveniles And The Juvenile Justice System1559 Words   |  7 PagesJuveniles committing crimes is not a new issued being introduced to society; actually, it has been an issue for centuries. However, the big question is, should juveniles be tried in adult courts? Before answering, take into consideration every possible scenario that could have led them to commit the crime. For instance, were they the leader in the act? Did they participate in the crime? Was the juvenile e ven aware of what was taking place? Were they peer pressured? Did they have any other choiceRead MoreJuvenile And Juvenile Justice System752 Words   |  4 PagesThe juvenile justice system and criminal justice system also known as the adult justice system is two different systems. The juvenile justice system is children who are under the age of 18 years old. After the age of 18, it is considered to be an adult it will enter through the adult justice system. There ate states that allows youth to stay in the juvenile justice system from age 18 until 21. The main differences between the juvenile justice system and criminal justice system is rehabilitation andRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System For Juveniles1397 Words   |  6 Pageswere treated the same as adult criminals. If you are a young person under the age of 18 and you commit a crime, you will have your case heard in the juvenile justice system. The thing is that, it hasn’t always gone that way. The idea of a separate justice system for juveniles is just over one hundred years old (American Bar). Where did juvenile justice come from? The law was in the image of the common law of England. William Blackstone, Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England, first publishedRead MoreJuvenile Justice And The Juvenile System4789 Words   |  20 PagesJuvenile Justice Consultant When thinking of reforming the juvenile justice system one has to think; what can we do to make this better for everyone involve? There are some programs that can be implemented when trying to make a change in the juvenile system. The main thing is getting parents or the guardian more involved in the child’s whereabouts. Secondly the community where the youth will have a place to go and have something more constructive to do to keep them out of trouble. Law enforcementRead MoreJuvenile Crime And The Juvenile Justice System1278 Words   |  6 PagesBryn Conley November 7, 2014 Juvenile Crime and the Juvenile Justice System in North Carolina: Informative Speech Specific Purpose Statement To inform my audience about the seriousness of juvenile crime and the problems that North Carolina faces when dealing with underage offenders. Introduction I. According to the Annual Summary Report done by the North Carolina Department of Justice and the State Bureau of Investigation, in 2012, approximately 36,000 juveniles were arrested in the state of NorthRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And The Juvenile Justice System950 Words   |  4 Pages Since 1899 when the juvenile justice system was first created it has undergone quite a series of changes relative to how they go about the overall handling of juvenile offenders in the criminal justice system. In most states the only way for juveniles to be tried as adults is if they are over the age of 16 or if they have committed a violent crime such as rape or assault but recently many juveniles are being tried as adults for even far lesser crimes. It also has been well documented for a numberRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System And Juvenile Offenders941 Words   |  4 Pagesways in which the juvenile justice system responds to female offenders. Historically juvenile female offenders have been treated under status offense jurisdiction (Zahn et al., 2010, p. 10). United States Courts would exercise the principle of â€Å"parens patriae† to place the female in detention as a form of punishment for misbehavior (Sherman, 2012, pp. 1589-1590). This principle also remains prevalent as it pertains to how the juvenile justice system currently responds to juvenile female offendersRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System1313 Words   |  6 Pages Today s concept of the juvenile justice system is relatively new due to significant modifications in policy overtime. The justice system has been trying to figure out effective ways to treat juvenile criminal offenders successfully for years. The justice system did not always have a special category for juveniles and their crime. Juveniles was once treated as adults when they committed crimes and were subjected to harsh punishments. The juvenile court was the culmination of efforts of the positivistRead MoreJuvenile Justice Systems833 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Juvenile crime is a term around the world that is difficult to pinpoint and although there are several definitions many fail to be concrete. There are many factors that play into sentencing juveniles or minors upon a crime committed. How old are they? Can they mentally form criminal intent? Are they old enough to no longer be treated as children? Some people would argue that a criminal is just that, regardless of age. Research on the other hand shows that juveniles have underdevelopedRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System788 Words   |  3 Pages The juvenile justice system was founded with the goal to serve the best interests of the child, with an understanding that youth possessed different needs than adults. Over the course of our semester we have come across various research studies that proves that the adult system is not well equipped to house and rehabilitate the delinquents. These studies have shown that more juveniles that are transferred to the criminal justice system ends up back in the system, which means the recidivism rate

Remedial Measures Suggested to Curb Arsenic Poisoning

Question: Discuss about theRemedial Measures Suggested to Curb Arsenic Poisoning. Answer: Introduction: Arsenic pollution in Australia is a growing concern in the context of soil and water pollution in Australia. The main reason that has resulted in the elevated level of arsenic in the groundwater level of Australia is the various kinds of anthropogenic activities. The anthropogenic activities that need the most important mention here are the mining activities conducted in Western Australia and Victoria. Other such activities include cultivation, industrialization and forestry contaminates soil and water. Arsenic contamination is considered a major concern because it directly affects the ecological cycle of different species such as fish, mammals and even human besides affecting trees (Machlachlan et al., 2016). Metalloid infection is a leading problem that often is unnoticed by the concerned authorities because of their assumptions of such pollution having minimalistic effects on the environment as harmful contaminants. Hazards: Arsenic infection has several health hazards. Some of them include formation of acute poisoning that may even lead to death. When the exposure occurs at a lower level, it may lead to abnormal production of red and white blood corpuscles (Abdul et al., 2015). Even damage to blood vessels also takes place. It also causes darkening of the skin and the appearance of small skin irritations like the occurrence of corns and warts that becomes visible on palms, soles and body. Disease: Due to various health hazards, arsenic pollution becomes responsible for the occurrence of skin cancer, cancer in the liver, urinary bladder and in the lungs. Exposure Pathway to Arsenic: Exposure to arsenic usually occurs by ingestion of foods such as meat, fish, poultry, shellfish and many others in the form of arsenobetaine and arsenocholine, which is sometimes called as fish arsenic. Moreover, well water is often found to be polluted by arsenic present in the bedrock area and is a leading problem globally. Occupational exposure to arsenic may result from inhalation of air contaminated by arsenic usually in the form of arsenic trioxide (Naujokos et al., 2013). These particles are deposited in the respiratory tract. Those particles deposited in the upper respiratory tract may reach the gastrointestinal tract by absorption when mucociliary clearance is done. In very less researches, one can find the skin to be a pathway of exposure. However, studies have shown that persons handling wood preserved with arsenic or handling arsenic acid may lead to exposure but such instances are very few. Risk Associated with Exposed Population: A variety of population may get exposed to arsenic population. The population consuming rice is found out by scientists to be mostly affected. Australian grown organic brown organic brown grain, medium brown grain and white rice were seen to have been contaminated with arsenic with concentration in each being 43823, 28703, and 28318 g kg(-1) dry weight respectively (Rahman et al., 2014). Here we see that both occupational exposure through improper hygiene of inhalation and ingestion not only affect the farmers but also may spread to the entire nation through consumption of the cereals. Arsenic is also found to exposed to populations residing close to cattle dip sights, mined land and also in the residential suburbs of the mineralization areas (Ng et al., 2013). People living in mining areas are also highly vulnerable to arsenic infection. These populations have higher risks associated with arsenic pollution leading to lung cancer, liver lesions, skin cancer and various painful warts and corns on the skin. Importance of Selected Disease: Cancer occurring in different organs like lungs, bladder, gastrointestinal tract and others is a growing concern in not only Australia but also in the entire world and in most cases it is not curable. Persons suffering from cancer suffer physically, emotionally and financially. Data collected in the year 2012 by the Victorian Cancer Registry and Geochemical geochemical data showed that arsenic content in the soil from gold mining sits estimated around 1.4 to 1857 mg/kg. A significant increase in the risk associated with cancer resulted from increased soil arsenic contamination and thereby increases the burden of the entire cancer statistics of the country (Cancer Council Australia, 2016). DPSEEA Framework The DPSEEA framework has been used in order to discuss the interventions, which will be formulated in order to reduce the risk of the exposed population of contracting the disease. The DPSEEA framework has a structure (given in figure 1), which involves an action, that requires to be taken based on the driving force. Figure 1: The DPSEEA framework as designed based on the arsenic population and the remediation techniques suggested. (Source: Created by the author) In this scenario, the action is referred to as the interventions that have to be taken to reduce the risk of exposure of arsenic among the population. A remediation model needs to be devised in order to reduce absorption of arsenic in the system. Background on the Issue Finally, concentrating mainly on the remedial aspect, it is necessary for reducing the threat that arsenic poisoning poses to the population. The local council should work towards preventing mining activities to take place in the particular area so that further contamination can stop. The local council should also make an effort to prevent the people engaging in forestry should not use arsenic as a preservation agent for the logs. Awareness needs to be created among the farmers who cultivate rice by flooding method. If rice is being cultivated in an area whose water table has been contaminated with arsenic, the roots results into adsorbing arsenic in the grain and the shoot as well. Several industrial runoffs open into a water body. These runoffs carry wastes that are contaminated with arsenic. It leads to the contamination of the water body. The local council should make sure that the industries in the area should work towards remediating the arsenic based wastes present in their ru noffs. Remedial Techniques Remedial technique that can be suggested for reducing the cultivation. As a remedial technique in respect to cultivation, it should be stopped in such areas where the spoil is contaminated with arsenic. To avoid this, hyper accumulator plants such as species of Pteris (for example, Pteris vittata) can be planted on such contaminated soils to cure the soil (Singh et al., 2015). At the industries in and around the area contaminated with arsenic, they can apply the technology of Alcan where activated alumina is used as sorptive filtration media. Iron doped carbon, activated alumina are the main composition of the adsorbents that can be used in the industries for radiation purpose (Onby et al., 2014). Sidko is a similar adsorbent, which uses granules of ferric hydroxide. The local council can also introduce an arsenic removal unit, which consists of adsorbents that will make use of coagulation, precipitation, and filtration based processes to remove arsenic (Sorlini, Gialdini Collivigna relli, 2014). The adsorbents can be made of READ-F, which is a Ethylenevinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) - borne hydrous cerium oxide. By growing awareness among the population, the addition of potassium as a supplement in the diet can reduce chances of cardiovascular troubles caused by arsenic trioxide (Huang et al., 2014). Conclusion Arsenic poisoning is a worrying issue for several nations in the world today. The poisoning is mostly caused by the adsorption of arsenic into the system, which results into causing several diseases. A prolonged accumulation of the arsenic in the soil and consequently, leading to the contamination of the water tables affects the eco system too, which ultimately leads to the eutrophication. In order to avoid such a situation, remediation techniques need to be applied to reduce the threat that arsenic poisoning poses for the population. Awareness also needs to be created among the people who are continuing to pollute the environment. Self-driven measures are expected on a governmental level to reduce the prevalence of arsenic poisoning among the population. References: Abdul, K. S. M., Jayasinghe, S. S., Chandana, E. P., Jayasumana, C., De Silva, P. M. C. (2015). Arsenic and human health effects: A review.Environmental toxicology and pharmacology,40(3), 828-846. Australia, C. (2016). Proven risk - Cancer Council Australia. Cancer.org.au. Retrieved 6 November 2016, from https://www.cancer.org.au/about-cancer/causes-of-cancer/environmental-causes/proven-risk.html#j Huang, Y., Zhu, C., Yang, J., Nie, Y., Chen, C., Sun, D. (2014). Recent advances in bacterial cellulose.Cellulose,21(1), 1-30. MacLachlan, D. J., Budd, K., Connolly, J., Derrick, J., Penrose, L., Tobin, T. (2016). Arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, selenium and zinc concentrations in liver, kidney and muscle in Australian sheep.Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. Naujokas, M. F., Anderson, B., Ahsan, H., Aposhian, H. V., Graziano, J. H., Thompson, C., Suk, W. A. (2013). The broad scope of health effects from chronic arsenic exposure: update on a worldwide public health problem.Environmental Health Perspectives (Online),121(3), 295. Ng, J. C., Noller, B. N., Bruce, S. L., Moore, M. (2013). Bioavailability of metals and arsenic at contaminated sites from cattle dips, mined land and naturally occurring mineralisation origins. In5th National Workshop on the Assessment of Site Contamination(pp. 163-181). NEPC Service Corporation. nnby, L., Svensson, C., Mbundi, L., Busquets, R., Cundy, A., Kirsebom, H. (2014). -Al 2 O 3-based nanocomposite adsorbents for arsenic (V) removal: assessing performance, toxicity and particle leakage.Science of the Total Environment,473, 207-214. Rahman, M. A., Rahman, M. M., Reichman, S. M., Lim, R. P., Naidu, R. (2014). Arsenic speciation in Australian-grown and imported rice on sale in Australia: implications for human health risk.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,62(25), 6016-6024. Singh, S., Shrivastava, A., Barla, A., Bose, S. (2015). Isolation of arsenic-resistant bacteria from bengal delta sediments and their efficacy in arsenic removal from soil in association with Pteris vittata.Geomicrobiology Journal,32(8), 712-723. Sorlini, S., Gialdini, F., Collivignarelli, M. C. (2014). Survey on full-scale drinking water treatment plants for arsenic removal in Italy.Water Practice and Technology,9(1), 42-51.

Political Economy Executive Powers, Russia And Japan Essays

Political Economy: Executive Powers, Russia And Japan Summary of Powers Within the constitution of a nation, powers are delegated to certain institutions of that nation's government. Although in many cases similar, nations can vary drastically when defining the organizational structure from which they operate. Some democratic constitutions delegate more power to the executive branch while in other nations more power is given to the legislature. This point can be illustrated when the same branch of a nation's government is compared with that of another. An example of differing executive powers can be viewed between the Russian Federation and Japan. Japan's democracy was developed by General Macarthur alongside U.S. occupation authorities after WWII. It is that of a typical parliamentary system, similar in many ways to those of Europe. The prime minister is elected by the members of the Diet, or parliament, and serves until he or she losses the confidence of the House of Representatives or until the four year term is up (Palmer 264). The Russian democracy came about a half a century down the road. When communism ultimately fell in the Soviet Union, a popular figure under Gorbachev came into power under a fresh, democratic framework. His name was Boris Yeltsin. He put together a new constitution, based on the Constitution of France, that gave many formal powers to the executive branch. It allows for a dual executive; a president and a prime minister. The president is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and is empowered to rule by decree in a state of emergency (Palmer 334). He is also tied into the bureaucracy with the power to nominate and remove other bureaucrats and department heads from office. He nominates a prime minister and must approve the Cabinet. Behavioral Comparison From 1955 to 1993, Japan's legislature, or House of Representatives, was dominated by the Liberal Democratic Party. This meant that the president of the party was guaranteed to become prime minister. That element should have ensured the office of prime minister to be one of the strongest of that of the First World. Instead, it was among the weakest (Palmer 264). The function of Japan's prime minister is very similar to that of Russia's. However, the power of the executive branch in Russia resides in the office of the president. He nominates the prime minister and must approve the members of the cabinet (Palmer 334). The president, under the Yeltsin Constitution, has direct control over the major processes of government. Not a lot gets done without the president's approval (Palmer 335). In contrast to Russia's executive branch, Japan's prime ministers during this period spent most of their energy trying to keep the consensus between rival factions within the ruling party. Instead of having full control, with everything having to meet his approval, the main function of the Japanese prime minister is to compromise or to block policy initiatives coming from different administrative agencies or powerful business interests. Most of these initiatives come from Japan, Inc, an alliance between political, business, and administrative leaders who share one common goal, economic growth (Palmer 265). The success of a prime minister was based on his ability to broker between the different party factions, as opposed to the Russian president who develops and dictates policies. In the executive branch of both countries, there is a prime minister who resides over the Cabinet where the top ministries formulate and discuss policy. In Russia, as opposed to Japan, the existence of a president undermines the prime minister. The Cabinet reports directly to that office and everything must meet his approval (Palmer 335). In contrast, Japan's prime minister, as well as top Cabinet members, must be in support if a policy is going to be put into effect (Palmer 265). Therefore, although there is no powerful presidential hand helping things along in Japan, the final word still sits with the prime minister and the Cabinet. It could be said that Japan lacks strong, decisive leadership, and that Russia's executive branch, with the president as the psychological leader of the people, is superior. Yet it is Russia's economy that is deteriorating. In addition, despite that powerful office, Russia still needs the consensus it doesn't have to reform policy. In conclusion, despite the weakening